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History of tennis

Probably, every athlete should know the history of the origin and development of their sport - its rules, techniques, tactics, as well as the necessary equipment for training. Knowledge of the past of any sport helps to understand its present, increases your overall sports level. So read carefully about how you used to play tennis, when you were not in the world and how it differed from today's tennis.

Tennis as a game of the clergy originated in the Middle Ages in France. First, the players threw the ball with the blows of the palm, then the game was modernized by starting to wear a glove that accepts the hand, and then there were special devices for bouncing the ball. These devices were only remotely similar to the usual racket and had no strings. For the best elastic effect, they began to be made of tin veins only in the era of Louis XI, when the game went beyond the territory of monasteries and began to gain popularity among aristocrats. At the same time, there were strict criteria for making tennis balls, which had to be made of beautiful leather and stuffed with wool.

Where did the name "tennis" come from? The poem dedicated to Cardinal Richelieu mentions a game in which players shout the Latin words "Tenez" ("tenir" in French - Detain, hold, catch) and "Raketka" (from French Raquette - "Palm"). The rules of tennis were constantly changing, most notably the introduction of the ball into the game. As a "royal game", the introduction of the ball was carried out by servants, so it was called "Servani", ie. service. In the XVII - XIX centuries, during the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, people did not like to play tennis in France and other European countries. In England, tennis declined after he lost the king's patronage. But finally tennis was not forgotten, only for a while. And in 1859 a new stage in the development of tennis began, when the match of English university teams was held for the first time in Haymankert. The revival of tennis began: new tennis clubs began to be created. Tennis sections began to open in sports clubs for cricket, croquet and golf. Entering the world tennis arena was hampered by the fact that each country had its own rules of the game, which made it impossible to hold international matches. In the middle of the nineteenth century there were huge changes in the conduct of games, because tennis began to be played on open courts, although previously the game was held only indoors. The reason that the game was held indoors for so long was the coverage of the courts and the ball. Just as the balls were made of tight, tightly tightened strings and covered with a flannel, they could bounce off a hard stone floor, and it was impossible to play on the ground or grass. And only with the advent of rubber balls have there been radical changes in tennis.

In 1873, British Army Major Walter Wingfield patented a game called Spherical Tennis or Lawn Tennis. In this way, he legalized tennis and its rules. After the patented net, poles, balls, rules of the game - tennis became a sport.

The score in tennis is quite unusual and incomprehensible. Many ask themselves "why is it being conducted in such a strange way?" The answer is quite simple, the account originated in medieval France, where they played for money. Bet - a coin of 60 su, which was called the "crown", which was exchanged for 4 coins of 15 su each; each stroke was valued at one coin. That's how the game was born - 4 hits. There is another point of view. The score in the game was clockwise, 15,30,45, a full circle meant victory in the game. An equal score in the game comes from English. "To both is the game" or fr. "Deuce". "A deux le jeu". Over time, the concepts of tennis and striking techniques have changed. The first lawn tennis players played only from the back line, giving the ball mainly lower rotation or combining the lower turn from the side. This is how they played before the First World War.

In the 1920s, the game began to be played all over the court. At the first opportunity, the players moved to the net and tried to finish the ball with a summer shot or a laugh, mostly flat. A typical representative of such a game was the famous American W. Tilden.

In the second half of the 1930s, the importance of grid play increased. The Americans D. Budge and R. Riggs achieved the greatest success here. Immediately after serving or receiving it, they went to the net and tried to strike a triumphant blow over the head or in the summer. Currently, the game is a success both on the court and in the net. On clay courts the most optimal game is all over the court, on grassy and smooth artificial surfaces - in nets.

In the 1970s, some world-class tennis players began to succeed by hitting from the back line, mainly with the top and very strong twists. At the same time, they focused on a long exchange of balls, which ends up with an opponent's mistake or an accurate bypass rather than reaching the net. Whether this style of play will be the main one or other successful methods will be more successful, time will tell.

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